The Theory Of Operant Conditioning - 869 Words

Introduction Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise - Benjamin Franklin (Franklin, n.d.). While this may hold true for an adult, I have rarely witnessed any young child worth their stubbornness eager to go to bed! My person of interest for this assignment is one of our refugee children, three and a half-year old Gertrude to whom I will apply the theory of operant conditioning to get her to meet a scheduled bed time. Her Mother is facing a steep learning curve with respect to; second language, new cultural, a newborn with a serious disease and isolated from her family (UK and Congo). It is of the utmost importance that we have Gertrude’s behaviour changed to ease the transition to Canada. Discussion Operant conditioning is happening in our everyday lives, it can be found at work, school and at home. Myers (2005, 236) stated, â€Å"It is a type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished by a punisher†. (Woods, Woods, Boyd, Wood Desmaris 2014) stated that behaviour that is reinforced with a reward will more likely be repeated. The desired response that I am looking for is Gertrude willingly gets ready for and in bed by 7:30 pm on the weekdays and 8:00 pm on the weekends. Woods et al (2014, p.136) stated, â€Å"A reinforcer is anything that strengthens a response or increases the probability that the response will occur†. In the chart below I have detailed the reinforcers that will be used as weShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1489 Words   |  6 PagesOperant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a form of learning where people or animals change their behavior because of the reinforcement given after a desired response. A good example of operant conditioning is, a teacher giving five percent of the marks to students, who have good attendance. The theory is useful in teaching programmed instructions, where the information is given in small bits to reinforce the responses (Litow Pumroy, 1975). Additionally, the theory can help in shaping students’Read MoreTheory of Operant Conditioning933 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Operant Conditioning Instrumental conditioning, otherwise known as operant conditioning is a theory that B.F Skinner came up with and is defined as a learning process by which the consequence of an operant response affects the likelihood of the response recurring in the future. Basically, operant conditioning is a stimulus response prototype that when reinforced, conditions individuals or organisms response to a desired behavior (Huitt, W., Hummel, J., 1997) Our behaviors are shapedRead MoreThe Theory of Operant Conditioning1136 Words   |  5 Pages The Theory of Operant Conditioning PSY390 October 6, 2014 Introduction The study of human behavior by psychologists such as B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov, and Watson is fascinating. These five psychologists each have different theories on human behavior. There are similarities and differences in each of the theories. Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory, studied animals and formed the basis for behavioral psychology (Cherry, 2013). Edward Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning989 Words   |  4 PagesOperant Conditioning: Procrastination The principals of operant conditioning, teaches how having certain coping techniques can reward certain undesirable behaviors. Conditioning human behavior has been studied for many years, Psychologists Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner, have dedicated majority of their lives to the study. Thorndike’s theory Law of effect. Thorndike suggest that certain stimuli and response become connected or dissociated from each other. His experiment worked by placing a catRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1792 Words   |  8 PagesIn the textbook operant conditioning can be defined as â€Å"the control of behavior through manipulation of rewards and punishments in the environment, particularly the laboratory environment† (Cervone Pervin, 2013). B.F. skinner who created the operant conditioning procedure believed that all humans are controlled by the environments that they experience and that by changing the environment it is possible to reinforce a behavior that benefits e veryone (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Skinner also believedRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1934 Words   |  8 Pagesat the theory of Operant Conditioning and all the many aspects that go along with it. This theory of Operant Conditioning by B. F. Skinner is a great guideline that can be used in the classroom. Operant Conditioning is definitely a theory that can change the way a classroom is ran. Throughout this paper we will see what behaviorism is and what operant conditioning is as a whole, along with the educational implications of this theory. Biographical Background of (Theorist) The theory of Operant ConditioningRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1212 Words   |  5 PagesOperant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. For example, when a lab rat presses a blue button, he receives a food pellet as a reward, but when he presses the red button he receives a mild electric shock. As a result, he learns to press the blue button but avoid the red button. TheRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagescame up with the idea of what is known as operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), â€Å"the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences†. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consistingRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesalso. Learning theories are conceptualized frameworks which describe how individuals absorb, process and retain information. Behaviorists such as John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Edward L. Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and Edwin R. Guthrie believed that all learners were passive in nature and only responded to extern al stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviors. This includes Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Behaviorism And Operant Conditioning895 Words   |  4 Pages B.F Skinner Renowned American psychologist B.F. Skinner, well known for his theory on behaviorism and operant conditioning. He was the most influential 20th - century psychologist. His works includes â€Å"The Behavior of Organisms† (1938) which was about the results in his experiment with operant conditioning, and a novel based on his theories â€Å"Walden† (1948). He was not only a psychologist he was a behaviorist, teacher, author, inventor, and a social philosopher as well. Born as Burrhus Frederic

The Wave “Research the original story” Free Essays

The movie ‘The wave’ is based on a true story that occurred at Cubberely High School, Palo Alto, California. The point of the wave was to experiment and to demonstrate how a typical democratic society can be ‘fascism’. This experiment was performed by Ron Jones; his stage name in the movie was Mr Wegner. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wave: â€Å"Research the original story† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both men were well-known as history teachers and this experiment was introduced as a trial in April 1967 and went horribly wrong. As he failed to get his point across in class, he decided to try an experiment. This experiment began by starting the group called ‘The Third Wave’ in his history class; he told the students that the whole point of it was to remove democracy. Ron Jones tried explaining why the Jews were lead to their death; these deaths were committed by the Germans/Nazi (holocaust). Ron Jones’s main point that he appointed was â€Å"Strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action, strength through pride†. The students soon realised that Democracy puts stress on individuality, which later made these students more interested to remove it from their group ‘The Third Wave’. On the first day of the experiment the group was just going through some ground rules and having discussion. The experiment only intended on being a one day thing but the students were drawn in and wanted to make this over a week. The second day was going over discipline, and this is when the name ‘The Third Wave’ came into it. The name â€Å"The Third Wave†, mis-stating the mythical belief that the third in a series of ocean waves is last and largest (which comes from a traditional sailors’ saying that the ninth wave is the largest, as recited in Tennyson’s The Coming of Arthur). They ended the day by inventing a salute, which was to resemble the topic of the Nazi regime, and how to obey the leader and his commands. To show respect to the ‘leader’ the students had to stand if a question was raised. By the third day more students were moving to Ron Jones class, the class expanded from 30 students to 43. The students were improving on their academic skills and their attitude towards school. The students became attached to the group ‘The third Wave’ when they were given a members card and all got a task given to complete. The students felt like they belonged to something, many for the first time in their lives. By the end of the day ‘The Third wave’ had over 200 members. Ron Jones was amazed by the commitment and motivation from the students. The students started taking the experiment seriously and students started reporting others when rules were being broken, By Thursday Ron Jones had decided to stop the movement due to it slipping out of his control. The students became so attached; emotionally and physically, this became an issue. Ron Jones announced to the group that the movement was a part of a nationwide movement, and that on the following day a selected member of the wave would announce publicly the existence of ‘The Third Wave’. Ron jones made it clear to all students, that the attendance of the meeting held the next day was compulsory. In the meeting that was held on the Friday, Ron Jones announced to ‘The Third Wave’ that they had actually taken part in a fascism group without even knowing. He explained to them, how easy it is to turn a democracy society into fascism without the students even being aware of their actions. He then followed by showing a movie about the Nazi regime, the students then realised that the groups’ attitude was a lot like the Nazi’s attitude and that Democracy is extremely important. In the movie and books it suggests that Ron Jones was arrested but in fact he wasn’t, he was just fired from the job 2 years later. Ron Jones didn’t expect the experiment to get so out of hand. The story line of ‘The Third Wave’ caught the eye of many film writers and authors; later on it became a much more dramatic storyline. How to cite The Wave: â€Å"Research the original story†, Essays

Duty Off Care Unit free essay sample

In my day to day routine have the to fill in daily charts which are called hourly checks and turn charts I also have other charts I fill in throughout the ay which include the following hourly checks repositioning charts diet and nutrient charts negative pressure charts toileting chart all these charts have to be to be filled in correctly and recording daily, we also have special trained staff around the building i. E. Nurses to administrate medication. 1. Explain how duty of care contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals: Duty of care ensures that patients are protected from harm and are kept safe from abuse by staff, other patients, family and friends. Have received specific raining regarding safeguarding and this makes it clear that my duty of care is to report and record all relevant information related to unprofessional conduct or behavior that may contribute to abuse. This may be perpetrated by a colleague or any other person who has contact with the patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Duty Off Care Unit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This procedure ensures that I am protected and feel confident to report my suspicions and protects the patient and keeps them safe. 2. 1 Describe 3 potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individuals rights: A patient may refuse to participate in an assessment that will determine true support, this is their right and it is my duty of care to respect this decision. However, in the best interests of the patient I would provide them with information as to why they should undergo the assessment and then Offer them the opportunity to participate in the assessment at a later time.I would then report their decision to the Lead TO and record the information on their notes. There may be occasions when a patient may refuse to take their medication or follow rules which may be more serious and place them and others in danger. Throughout the process would take into account the tenants best interests, their individual rights and consider their mental capacity 2. 2 Describe how to manage risks assessments associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individuals rights and duty off care: Effective communication is a vital factor in ensuring that the risks associated with conflict and dilemmas are managed well.Information recording is a key aspect of this communication and ensures that the patients and your observations and views are known. This enables informed and open communication between the patient and the professional ensuring that the tenants rights and best interests are at the forefront. 2. 3 Explain where to get additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas: Additional advice and support regarding conflicts and dilemmas can be obtained from the Lead TO, Ward TO and other professionals with the setting.In addition to this further information can be obtained from family members. Information and knowledge can be developed from sources outside of the setting and include, training, assessor, internet and professionals organizations that are advocates for the patient. 3. Describe how to respond to complains: When a complaint has been received it is imperative that it is handled quickly and effectively. An informal complaint can usually be resolved quickly without the need to escalate to a formal complaint.The patient should be assured that their complaint is valid and important. All complaints should be logged and reported to a senior member of staff. It is important to listen to the patient and record their views and discuss the event and offer ideas that will resolve the complaint satisfactorily for the patient. If the complaint is of a ore serious nature or an informal complaint has not been resolved satisfactorily it should be escalated to a formal complaint.As with the informal complaint a formal complaint should be handled swiftly by listening to the patient and recording their feelings and views and all points should be considered. By following this process it enables procedures and processes to be developed and improved 3. 2 Explain the main points of your organizations procedures for handling complaints: The first action to be taken when a patient has made a complaint is to listen o their grievance and record the facts taking into consideration their views and feelings.This report should be provided to the senior member of staff who will then attempt to resolve the issue as quickly as possible. If necessary the complaint may need to be passed to the designated safeguarding officer who will escalate the complaint. All complaints are taken seriously and dealt with swiftly to ensure a p rofessional level of service and making sure that the patients are safeguarded and that their best interests are being looked after ensuring that staff is providing a duty of care.