Labor Unions And Nursing Essays - Trade Unions In The United States

Labor Unions And Nursing The American Labor movement in the United States has a history dating back to the beginnings of the industrial revolution. Its existence is due to poor working conditions and exploitation during the beginning of that time. Labor unions have had a long history of using their most powerful weapon, strikes, to fight their battles. Even today, with the diminishing numbers of union members, strikes appear in the news sporadically. History of Labor Unions The first strike is thought to be by printers in Philadelphia in 1786 (Maidment, 1997). Working conditions, pay and benefits were so poor, leaders in the southern United States used them to justify slavery. Their contention was that slaves were treated better than the workers were in the North. (Maidment, 1997) Unions attempt to rectify poor working conditions, pay and benefits through collective bargaining. An individual has very little power when negotiating with an employer, however many individuals, collectively have the power to achieve results through bargaining and negotiating. The ultimate bargaining tool that the collective bargaining unit has is the right to strike. Strikes The United States has the most violent and bloodiest labor history of any industrialized country (Foner, Garraty, 1991). In 1850, police killed two New York tailors while attempting to disperse strikers. These were the first of over seven hundred documented caused by strike-related violence. In 1913, National Guardsmen attacked striking Colorado miners known as the Ludlow Massacre. In 1937, police killed Ten Chicago steelworkers during a strike, which came to be known as the Memorial Day Massacre. More commonly, though, strike related deaths are attributed to lessor known confrontations. Strikes in the United States are generally linked to the business cycle. Strikes are more common when unemployment is low with the lowest strike rate being during the Great Depression. The first American strikes in the late 1700's and early 1800's were by shoemakers, printers, and carpenters led by their trade societies and were generally effective because of the limited labor pool skilled in those trades. The strikers simply refused to work until their pay demands were met. The strikes were generally short, peaceful and successful. Successful litigation by employers inhibited the spread of these strikes and the trade societies. After an economic upturn in the 1820s, strike activity was revived. Throughout the 1800s, strike activity continued to wax and wane based on economic conditions. Women participated in strikes as early as the 1820s. After the Civil War, the labor movement started to more closely resemble today's labor movement. In order to discourage strikes, instead of unilaterally setting wages and striking, unions started negotiating with employers, addressing wages, work rules, hours and grievances. This method of ?arbitration? led to binding contracts between the collective bargaining units and the employers. The Knights of Labor, the most important labor organization of the 1800s, discouraged strikes. Mediation Union leaders, particularly those in the craft unions affiliated with the American Federation of Labor (AFL), continued to question the efficacy of strikes in the early 1900s. Instead of strikes, the craft unions turned to private mediation groups to help settle disputes. In mediation, ?the third party assists the negotiators in their discussions and also suggests settlement proposals.? (Mathis, Jackson, 2000) An expansion of the union movement was created by four years of depression in the 1930s. The violent strikes by autoworkers, truckers, longshoremen and textile workers in 1934 sparked the passage of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA). The NLRA is the law governing relations between unions and employers in the private sector. It guarantees the right of employees to organize and to bargain collectively with employers. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent federal agency created by Congress, which administers the NLRA. Under the direction of the NLRB, strikes continued in the 1940s (after WWII) and while some were very long, most were peaceful. The NLRB saw to it that employers who were legally obligated to bargain with unions, did so. In addition, strikers were given legal protection. In the 1950s the number of strikes dropped sharply, as the relationships between unions and employers became more predictable. The 1960s saw a rise in public employee strikes (teachers, transit workers and other local government workers) and in 1970,

Direct and Indirect Competition Essay Example

Direct and Indirect Competition Essay Example Direct and Indirect Competition Paper Direct and Indirect Competition Paper Essay Topic: Competition The water Industry as many other industries has direct and Indirect competitors; the direct competitors are companies that are producing the same line of products and Indirect competitors are the ones that are selling something that your customers or potential buyers may use as an alternate or substitute of your products. An example of direct competitor is Seychelles Water Filtration company, they are a fast growing water company. They have complete portable water filtration products and brands in North America and world wide with breakthrough technology. Seychelles have a similar water filtration water bottle with a flip top and advanced water filter. They claimed that removes 99. 99% of pollutants up to 100 gallons. They package includes water bottle, 100 gallon filter and an insulated sleeve that can be attached to a belt or a back pack. Each bottle uses BAA -free low-density polyethylene, FDA approved for food products. Summary emergency food storage is another company that is a direct competitor, they are one of the united Kingdom and Europe largest and most trusted emergency preparedness company producing the life saver bottle with 100% filtration, the product Includes 4000 IF bottle, a carbon activated filter and a pre-filter disk. This bottle complies with all British, US and European drinking water regulations. Katydid is another direct competitor they offer a wide variety of water filtration and purification products with their headquarters in Kampuchea near Zurich, Switzerland, with offices in US, Europe and Singapore with a global market share exceeding 50 percent. They have been in business for more than 80 years and got into the water treatment sector since 2009. They have similar product My bottle microfilmed, it is a multi-purpose filtration system, that meets EPA guidelines for the removal of bacteria. Each bottle includes drinking straw, Internal carbon filter that cleans up to 100 liters depending on water quality. Indirect competitors are the beverage manufacturers, water bottlers, coffee and tea makers and even the utility companies that send water to your tap. Direct and indirect competition By glaziers The water industry as many other industries has direct and indirect competitors; the indirect competitors are the ones that are selling something that your customers or food products. Aquamarine emergency food storage is another company that is a direct competitor, they are one of the United Kingdom and Europe largest and most trusted filtration, the product includes 4000 IF bottle, a carbon activated filter and a pre-filter removal of bacteria.

The Changing Definition of African-American History

The Changing Definition of African-American History Since the origins of the field in the late 19th century, scholars have devised more than one definition of what constitutes African-American history. Some intellectuals have viewed the field as an extension or corollary to American history. Some have stressed the influence of Africa on African-American history, and others have viewed African-American history as vital to black liberation and power. Late 19th Century Definition An Ohio lawyer and minister, George Washington Williams, published the first serious work of African-American history in 1882. His work, History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880, began with the arrival of the first slaves in the North American colonies and concentrated on the major events in American history that involved or affected African-Americans. Washington, in his Note to volume two of his opus, said that he intended to lift the Negro race to its pedestal in American history as well as to instruct the present, inform the future. During this period of history, most African Americans, like Frederick Douglass, stressed their identities as Americans and did not look to Africa as a source of history and culture, according to historian Nell Irvin Painter. This was true of historians like Washington as well, but during the early decades of the 20th century and especially during the Harlem Renaissance, African-Americans, including historians, began to celebrate Africas history as their own. The Harlem Renaissance, or The New Negro Movement W.E.B. Du Bois was the foremost African-American historian during this period. In works like The Souls of Black Folk, he stressed African-American history as the confluence of three different cultures: African, American and African-American. Du Bois historical works, such as The Negro (1915), framed the history of black Americans as starting in Africa. One of Du Boiss contemporaries, historian Carter G. Woodson, created the forerunner of todays Black History MonthNegro History Weekin 1926. While Woodson felt that Negro History Week should emphasize the influence black Americans had on U.S. history, he too in his historical works looked back to Africa. William Leo Hansberry, a  professor at Howard University from 1922 to 1959, developed this trend even further by describing African-American history as the experience of the African diaspora. During the Harlem Renaissance, artists, poets, novelists, and musicians also looked toward Africa as a source of history and culture. Artist Aaron Douglas, for instance,  regularly used African themes in his paintings and murals. Black Liberation and African-American History In the 1960s and 1970s, activists and intellectuals, like Malcolm X, saw African-American history as an essential component of black liberation and power. In a 1962 speech, Malcolm explained: The thing that has made the so-called Negro in America fail, more than any other thing, is your, my, lack of knowledge concerning history. We know less about history than anything else. As Pero Dagbovie argues in African American History Reconsidered, many black intellectuals and scholars, such as Harold Cruse, Sterling Stuckey, and Vincent Harding, agreed with Malcolm that African-Americans needed to understand their past in order to seize the future. Contemporary Era White academia finally accepted African-American history as a legitimate field in the 1960s. During that decade, many universities and colleges began to offer classes and programs in African-American studies and history. The field exploded, and American history textbooks began to incorporate African-American history (as well as womens and Native American history) into their standard narratives. As a sign of the increasing visibility and importance of the field of African-American history, President Gerald Ford declared February to be Black History Month in 1974. Since then, both black and white historians have built on the work of earlier African-American historians, exploring the influence of Africa on the lives of African-Americans, creating the field of black womens history and revealing the myriad ways in which the story of the United States is the story of race relations. History has expanded to include the working class, women, Native Americans and Hispanic Americans in addition to the experiences of African-Americans. Black  history, as practiced today, is interconnected with all of these other sub-fields in U.S. history. Many of todays historians would probably agree with Du Bois inclusive definition of African-American history as the interaction among African, American and African-American peoples and cultures. Sources Dagbovie, Pero. African American History Reconsidered. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2010.Painter, Nell Irvin. Creating Black Americans: African-American History and its Meanings, 1619 to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.Williams, George Washington. History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1883.  X, Malcolm. Black Mans History. 1962 speech.

Hummer, BMW, and Corolla's Brand Personalities Coursework - 2

Hummer, BMW, and Corolla's Brand Personalities - Coursework Example Hummer has a rugged image but to enhance their sales, they decided to change the brand personality to attract the youth and the women. Corolla has a dull image but is keen to give up its conservative approach which projects nothing except dependability. BMW gives rise to feelings of sophistication and yearning and hence is preferred by the wealthy and those who seek importance. It is hence recommended that brand owners should first segment their target market and try to understand the needs of their segment. This would help them design the features as per their requirement and hence would be more appealing to the customers. At the same time, the same brand can appeal to more than one segment and this can be done by appealing to their self-concept.Products and services today are imbued with personality characteristics and are recognized through these characteristics both by the consumers and the marketers. Marketers are trying to project an image of the brand that matches the personal ity of the individual consumer. They try to use marketing material such as advertisements and phrases so that the brand has an emotional appeal to the consumer. This becomes necessary because to buy a product the consumer must have an awareness of the brand. The brand would catch the consumer’s attention if he finds some similarities with his own requirements and personality. This led to the concept of brand personality which has been described by Aaker as a specific mix of human traits that are attributed to a particular brand.   Within a sector, different products and marketers apply different strategies to attract the right customer. Each product has its own specifications and hence they target a particular segment. Thus, the personality of the brand that is projected to the target segment must have similar characteristics and emotional appeal. This paper evaluates how three different automobile manufacturers project their brands to attract the right segment to enhance t heir sales. Online academic journals and some useful websites have been used to study the concept of brand personality in the automobile sector.  

Effects of Entire les Murs On Traditional French National Identity Essay

Effects of Entire les Murs On Traditional French National Identity - Essay Example This report stresses that someone who views this film for the first time may be obliged to have a negative attitude towards French culture due the fact that pupils are a force to learn it at schools. The fact that this teacher enjoys French does not mean that everybody will like it and failure to understand that will cause someone who might have been willing to learn the French culture to have second thoughts about it. If a certain pupil does not understand this language, then definitely he/she will assume that their culture is not that pleasing as well hence dislikes it. This paper makes a conclusion that the Entre les murs is a good representation of the French education system that has its guiding rules from the western ideas. However, these ideas have caused problems by affecting other cultural groups without taking into consideration their rights. Although public education is free in France and it has been every citizen's right to access it, the way it is made available violates other people's culture and rights. This is because the education system is public centralized and incorporates compulsory French language classes that are not liked by many. This film widely focuses on ethnicity and the failure of the French education system to incorporate other people's ethnicity into their system. If that were not possible, then the education system would try to avoid making the French culture compulsory to foreign students who were interested in learning in France.

The Supreme Court Essay Example for Free

The Supreme Court Essay FACTS:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This case involves the pupils in a Dade County Junior High School who have filed for damages and declaratory relief with regard to the allegations that the students were subjected to corporal punishment which violated their constitutional rights.   The school board argued in response that such corporal punishment was allowed under the regulations that were released authorizing such punishment to be carried out under strict specifications. ISSUES:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first issue here is whether or not the execution of such corporal punishment falls under the prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment contained in the Eight Amendment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second issue in this case is whether or not the Fourteenth Amendment requires notice and hearing before the imposition of corporal punishment HELD:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anent the first issue, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause under the Eighth Amendment does not apply to disciplinary corporal punishment in schools.   The Supreme Court reasoned that the jurisprudence has consistently maintained that the prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment only applies to protect those who have been charged and convicted of crimes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the second issue, the Supreme Court held that notice and hearing is not required for the imposition of the corporal punishment in public schools.   The essential consideration in this matter is that the corporal punishment not exceed the limitations that have been set.

Stop Abortions Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Pro Choice Life Essay

Stop Abortions On January 22, 1973 the court decision of Roe vs. Wade stated that approved processes of abortion are legalized until viability, which is the point at which the fetus is capable of surviving outside the mother’s body. The decision allows individual states to regulate or ban abortion after viability except, however, when necessary to protect the life or physical well-being of the mother (10 Important1). It has been almost thirty years since that solemn day where a nation, built on the natural right of life to all of its citizens, allowed the intentional and legal termination of an unborn child. Immediately after that event, opposition to the newfound law felt that it would have to appeal and overturn the decision within a short time to avoid the practice from becoming infused into the nation too firmly. As years passed the judicial system worsened the situation with less stringent regulations. Almost every third baby conceived in America is being terminated (Willke2). But as time passes America has realized that pro-life supporters are still fighting and making progress. Pro-choice advocates have spelled out many arguments campaigning against pro-lifers and attempting to justify this blatant destruction of a child. I will attempt to nullify the validity of these arguments to the students of State University and display alternatives to this inhumane practice. The decision of Roe vs. Wade on January 22, 1973 has been a terrible burden on the United States and should be seriously reconsidered. Abortion, specifically partial birth abortion, is a malicious act towards a living human that deserves life as much as a full grown adult. Abortion Methods As abortions became more and more prevalent in Ameri... ... of the methods of abortion so adoption should always be considered. Women want to be respected and feel that they have a right to choose as to whether they have a child or not. I say that why can we not respect them both: the mother and child? Why can we not show compassion for these women in this situation and love the child who is at stake as well. We must educate society of the alternatives to benefit all parties involved. Works Cited â€Å"10 Important Facts About Abortion.† Act Now. Dec 8 2002. â€Å"Partial Birth Abortion: Is it Really Happening?† Abortion Facts. Dec 8 2002. Willke, J.C. â€Å"25 Years of Loving Them Both.† Abortion Facts. July 1997. Dec 8 2002.

Sophocles’ antigone

Oedipus meets all the criteria of a tragic hero.   He is of noble birth with a character that is consistent throughout as a truth-seeker, always in quest of knowledge, and a riddle-solver wanting to be a savior of people; yet as every other person, he had his flaws, which reversed his prosperity.His intelligence and stateliness is worthy of that of a king, so his doom fills the readers with pity and fear, which is the essence of a tragedy.Though Oedipus realizes that fate had a hand in his doom, he knew he had his own flaws.A woman can also be a tragic hero so long as she meets the criteria set for a tragic hero, and Antigone meets all the criteria. Yet I consider Oedipus to be the best tragic hero here, he being glorious and his fall, dramatic.To go by Aristotle’s view, Antigone, Oedipus and Creon, all   meet the criteria of   being tragic heroes in that all of them face disastrous consequences because of certain fundamental flaws common to humanity.(3)Antigone strongly felt Creon should not interfere in matters relating to religion, andleaving the dead unburied was against the divine law.   She defies Creon and does notever regret it even in the face of death. Thus her remark, â€Å"I do not think your edicts strong enough to overrule the unwritten unalterable laws of God and heaven, you being only a man.†Creon on the other hand respects the rules of the state, and though he could have changed them, if he so chose, remains adamant that Polynice, her brother, be left to rot.   Ismene does not act emotionally.   She thinks twice about dying for the dead.Antigone’s views clashed with that of the others in that she failed to see the impact of her action on those around her, for instance Haemon.(4)The Greek view is that a tragic hero should ideally be a king so that his people also experience his fall.   He should be venerable but imperfect so that the audience may associate themselves with him.As great as the hero is, they feel his fall should be as great too, a calamity worthy of their hero.  Ã‚   But modern-day hero is not necessarily of royal birth. He can rise to glory by contributing positively to the society or the world at large, and unlike the tragic hero, who often dies or survives only to suffer, may even be victorious, and his flaws are not fatal.To quote Duane Lowry, a member of the American Political Historians Association, an American hero is â€Å"someone who embodies popular values and is the driving force behind an important social, political, or scientific change or transformation that lifts the spirit of America and betters the situation of the country.†

Urban design

Urban designOverviewWhat is built-up design?Urban conceive is the method of organizing the personal scene for life in towns, small towns and small towns. It is the art of doing topographic points. It engages the conceive of constructions, assemblies of constructions, infinites and countrysides, and puting up the methods that make booming development possible. Why are so legion locations so terribly designed? Why are the locations we are building so distinguishable from the locations we like? So legion new enlargement snuff out what makes a location exceptional and give the consequence of holding been conceived ( if that is the word! ) by person with no sense of what makes a booming topographic point. Why is so much development so terribly designed? The item that 84 per centum of planing entries are drawn up by person with no conceive instruction may hold certain thing to make with it. But being taught in conceive does non necessarily mean that the person to fault for the development will gestating certain thing that might do a booming topographic point. After all, they may non hold glimpsed that as their occupation. They may hold been gestating merely of restricted and short-run purposes: to build certain thing that the developer can cover rapidly ; or to help the edifice ‘s users, other than doing a more pleasing know-how for individuals transient by.The public involvement is broader, and longer term. Urban conceive petitions to individuals who are involved in more than merely the conceive of a solitary building or the concerns of a lone user. What gets built-up interior decorators out of bed in the morning is the difference of gestating a location that will be utilized and relished by a wide assortment of distinguishable individuals for distinguishable grounds, non merely now but in old ages to come.A new professionUrban conceive is one of the newest profe ssions. The grade ‘urban interior decorator ‘ is little more than 25 old ages old. Much of what built-up interior decorators do – organizing the locations where we reside – was finished by professionals of diverse types before so, but the occupation was glimpsed from the point of view of specific professions. Architects and contrivers utilised to postulate about the maps of their two professions. Architects would impeach contrivers of impeding with aesthetic personal businesss about which they were non trained to judge. Planners would impeach designers of gestating constructions entirely as things, with small attempt to take history of their context or of their expected influence on the milieus. In 1978 some designers and contrivers called a armistice. This adept sniping is unpointed, they said. We have certain thing in common: we are all in the endeavor of doing topographic points. That should be the basis of our employed together.Peoples with a missionThe Urban Design Group was formed, and shortly designers, contrivers, countryside designers, applied scientists, public originative persons and a assortment of other professionals were confirming their house promise to built-up design. Their aim was to alter how the natural environment was shaped. They contended that designers should be worried with the location, non merely with gestating a building to carry the client ‘s claims entirely. Planners should be worried, non merely with land usage, but with the personal form of development. Landscape architecture should be engaged in look intoing and groking sites at the start of the designing and conceive method, other than being conveyed in at a late phase to mask unattractive constructions with some planting. Highway applied scientists should utilize their abilities to do locations that are delighting to be in and to saunter through, other than concentrating narrowly on keeping the traffic traveling. Modern built-up conceive can be advised as portion of the broader control and regard of Urban planning. Indeed, Urban planing started as a action chiefly used by with personal businesss of built-up design. Works for illustration Ildefons Cerda ‘s General Theory of Urbanization ( 1867 ) , Camillo Sitte ‘s City Planning Harmonizing to Artistic Principles ( 1889 ) , and Robinson ‘s The Improvement of Cities and Towns ( 1901 ) and Modern Civic Art ( 1903 ) , all were chiefly worried with built-up conceive, as did the subsequent City Beautiful motion in North America. ‘Urban design ‘ was foremost utilized as a characteristic period when Harvard University hosted a sequence of Urban Design Conferences from 1956. These seminars supplied a phase for the commencing of Harvard ‘s Urban Design plan in 1959-60. The Hagiographas of Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, Gordon Cullen and Christopher Alexander became important plants for the school of Urban Design. Gordon Cullen ‘s The Concise Townscape, foremost released in 1961, and moreover had a big purchase on legion built-up interior decorators. Cullen analyzed the customary originative attack to town conceive of theoreticians for illustration Camillo Sitte, Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin. He conceived the impression of ‘serial vision ‘ , characterizing the built-up countryside as a sequence of associated infinites. Jane Jacobs ‘ The Death and Life of Great American Cities, released in 1961, was moreover a accelerator for involvement in constructs of built-up design. She critiqued the Modernism of CIAM, and claimed that the publically ownerless infinites conceived by the ‘city in the park ‘ thought of Modernists were one of the major causes for the increasing offense rate. She contended instead than for an ‘eyes on the street ‘ attack to village designing, and the Resurrection of major public infinite case in points, for illustration roads and rectangles, in the conceive of metropoliss. Kevin Lynch ‘s The Image of the City of 1961 was furthermore seminal to the action, particularly with considers to the impression of discernability, and the lessening of built-up conceive thought to five fundamental constituents – paths, vicinities, margins, nodes, landmarks. He moreover made good liked the usage of mental charts to groking the town, other than the planar personal expert designs of the predating 50 old ages. Other outstanding plants encompass Rossi ‘s Architecture of the City ( 1966 ) , Venturi ‘s Learning from Las Vegas ( 1972 ) , Colin Rowe ‘s Collage City ( 1978 ) , and Peter Calthorpe ‘s The Following American Metropolis ( 1993 ) . Rossi presented the impressions of ‘historicism ‘ and ‘collective memory ‘ to built-up conceive, and suggested a ‘collage metaphor ‘ to gain the montage of new and older types inside the indistinguishable built-up infinite. Calthorpe, on the other manus, evolved a pronunciamento for sustainable built-up home by intermediate denseness home, every bit good as a conceive manual for building new towns in understanding with his impression of Transit Oriented Development ( TOD ) . Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson in â€Å" The Social Logic of Space † ( 1984 ) presented the impression of Space Syntax to calculate how action patterns in towns would help to built-up verve, anti-social demeanor and f iscal success. The attraction of these plants produced in periods for illustration ‘historicism ‘ , ‘sustainability ‘ , ‘livability ‘ , ‘high value of built-up constituents ‘ , etc. go mundane idiom in the country of built-up planning.

Diffusion practical essays

Diffusion practical essays Experiment to demonstrate how the rate of diffusion is affected by distance We set up a glass tube horizontally with a clamp and stand, and placed red litmus paper at 5cm intervals for 50cm. we then soaked some cotton wool in ammonium hydroxide solution, and placed it at one end of the glass tube. We put rubber bungs in both ends, and started a stopwatch to time how long it took each piece of litmus paper to turn entirely blue from the ammonia gas. To ensure the experiment was reliable, we waited until the piece of litmus paper turned entirely blue before writing down the time. Also, we accurately measured the distance between each piece of litmus paper using a metre ruler. Distance of first end of litmus paper from cotton wool Time taken for litmus paper to turn entirely blue(in seconds) 5cm 10cm15cm20cm25cm30cm35cm40cm45cm 204590140210290395538704 The graph has a clear upward sloping curve showing the correlation between the distance of the litmus paper from the cotton soaked in ammonium hydroxide and the amount of time taken for the litmus paper to turn blue. This is because as the particles of ammonium hydroxide collide with each other and become forced further out during their diffusion through the air in the tube. However, the particles that move further are less concentrated and not as close together, so there is less collisions between the molecules, so they dont move out as quickly. This represents itself as the curve in the graph. Diffuses from high concentration to low concentration because of concentration gradient. NH4 and OH ions diffuse. Collide with air particles. Diffusion due to random kinetic movement. ...

Alumni Tracking System

To provide a systematic method to monitor and track the level of engagement and satisfaction the alumni body has for USED. Survey will provide more than a simple percentage satisfied, it will provide diagnostic information about what is driving satisfaction and engagement, where there are strengths and weaknesses, and what level of engagement the alumni are reporting. The data would be broken down and analyzed by segment (class year, geographic location, activity level, etc. ).On an on-going basis (biennially), this measurement tool will provide USED and the Alumni Association with a old, fact-based means of identifying where progress is being made and where deficiencies need to be addressed. Method: Online survey conducted by sending an email invitation to email addresses of USED alumni. Survey would be conducted on a biennial basis. Survey window would be open for approximately 2-3 weeks when alumni could respond and provide their ratings. Rather than expend resources to develop a survey tool, the Alumni Office will contract with a professional, independent organization utilizing an existing survey. The use of the independent organization will give additional weight to the survey. Using a survey that has been developed over the past decade by alumni professionals around the country will help with benchmarking toward the development of best practices. Identifying trends and motivators will help target programming and communications more effectively, deepening the level of engagement with alumni. Sharing this data with administrators, faculty, and other staff across campus will help in the effort to increase awareness Of, and build support for, alumni engagement efforts.

The Corporations Production Target Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Corporations Production Target - Assignment Example In line with the purpose of this memo, the beer making process in the application is attached as well as the modified process recommended thereon. Before the main issue is handled, an introduction is done regarding the cause of the problem and then the explanation follows in the inclusion of the recommendations. Saccharine Beers Corporation deals in the production and marketing of malted beers. Currently, the plant supplies the beer market with six million bottles of malted beer on a daily basis, which translates into half a million bottles of beer every hour. The capacity of the plant can slightly be increased to about three hundred bottles of beer every hour in a high season. On a low season, the Corporation reduces production up to a hundred thousand bottles every hour. The low season’s production is set so low, to ensure that production caters for just plant costs than to produce without market sensitivity. During the current high season, the plant expanded its production capacity to hit half a million bottles of beer. Production increments were in line with the increased market coverage and promotional strategies embarked in the recent past. Positive results have been confirmed by the Sales Department, with an all-time high sales record being posted. Enthusiasm within the Corporation’s operations has prompted future projections currently made to illustrate a capacity outstretch, both by demand and production. At Saccharine Beers, the production of malted beers is simplified to enable a process that is as close to the natural brewing process as possible. As illustrated in the flowchart, five main production stages are involved in the entire beer making process. For hygiene regulations compliance, the corporation simplifies the process as much as possible for quality assurance (Cobbett, 22). The main processes are briefly discussed, stating the problem involved and strengths.